GMP PCL Thymosin-A1 12mg

Thymosin Alpha 1 (Tα1) is a 28-amino-acid peptide derived from the N-terminal region of prothymosin alpha, a native polypeptide abundant in thymic tissue (Haritos et al. 1984). Structurally, Tα1 is an intrinsically disordered peptide that adopts a helical conformation under specific physicochemical conditions, particularly in the presence of negatively charged membranes (Garaci et al. 2024). This conformational flexibility underpins its capacity for broad molecular interactions, despite the absence of a dedicated high-affinity receptor. Both Tα1 and its precursor exhibit oligomeric behavior in solution, with evidence supporting trimeric or hexameric assemblies depending on pH and buffer conditions (Haritos et al. 1984).

Tα1 exerts pleiotropic effects across various biological systems, interacting with signaling networks such as NF-κB, MAPK, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR (Garaci et al. 2024). It binds diverse molecular partners including phosphatidylserine, ACE domains, and Toll-like receptors (e.g., TLR2, TLR9), suggesting a complex, context-dependent mode of action. These characteristics position Tα1 as a prototypical phenotypic drug discovery candidate and a model for systems-level pharmacological investigation (Garaci et al. 2024).